Rethinking
Development:
New Principles for Political
Development
-
More options for political development
Modernization, culturalist, and pre-conditions view have been discredited
-
More than one route to democracy
Experience of Japan, Greece, Iberia, and Latin America supports an
institutionalist view of democratization
-
Democracy won the Cold War
-
Soviet-style authoritarianism lost credibility;
-
'Fall of the Berlin Wall' generated 'winds of change' throughout the world
-
Without the superpower rivalry, less toleration of repressive states
-
Ethnicity seen as a repository of social capital
Result: New demands for political liberalization/ democratization
Rethinking Development:
New Principles for Economic Development
-
ISI creates many problems
Economic and political forces work together to entrench "temporary"
policies
-
Replicate the 'East Asian Miracle'
Asian tigers moved away from ISI to export led growth, stable economy,
and greater reliance on market forces
-
Implementation of economic policy clearly important
Heavy state control of the economy promotes rent-seeking, lowers incentives
to work hard and invest, and reduces overall economic growth
Result: Need structural adjustment to create outward-oriented
economies
Problems with Conventional Wisdom
-
What are the causes of the 'East Asian Miracle'? and do they have down
sides?
-
How replicable are they?
-
Can economic and political reform co-exist?