Creating a country, a nation and the state

Geography: establishing borders

Ideas: resolving the relationship between citizens and the state

Political: resolving the role of political institutions

Defining the relationship between church and state

Ideas: defining boundaries between secular and religious

Establishing a liberal democracy

Ideas: resolving conflicts between liberal ideas and feudal or authoritarian traditions

Political: creating and modifying political institutions to be consistent with liberal philosophy

Coping with rapid economic growth and industrialization

Georgahpic: patterns related to resource endowments

Ideas: responding to philosophies arising from new economic relations (communism, socialism)

Political and Economic: defining the proper role of the state in promoting economic development and responding to impact of industrialization