Electoral Systems: A Comparison
Name Single-Member District, Plurality (SMDP) Proportional Representation (PR)
Strengths
  • through the district, provides a link between representative and electorate
  • promotes electoral stability
  • ensures representation of minority views
  • accurately translates the full range of voter preferences into representation
Weaknesses
  • under-represents minorities
  • limits choices by promoting two-party politics
  • limits power of legislature vis-a-vis a nationally elected president
  • numerous parties can create need for coalition government and electoral instability
  • lack of a link between representative and the electorate
Remedial Actions
  • move to multi-member districts
  • impose a floor for obtaining seats
  • create a hybrid system that entails: run-off elections (France) or a meld of the two systems (Germany and Japan)
  • adopt a different means of allocating seats, such as the single-transferable vote (Ireland)